Health and disease

Proportion of patients with specific diseases or long term physical health conditions

This table summarises the proportion of patients registered with a GP in Wiltshire with recorded diagnoses of selected long-term physical health conditions. In 2023/24, hypertension remains the most prevalent condition in Wiltshire, affecting 16.5% of the population. This is similar to the South West (16.1%) and slightly higher than England (14.8%). Other more commonly prevalent conditions in Wiltshire are diabetes (7.6%), asthma (7.5%) and chronic kidney disease (4.8%).

While this snapshot highlights the burden of long-term illness across the population, it also underscores the importance of prevention and early diagnosis. Whilst improved diagnoses will impact on disease prevalence levels, it should be noted that undiagnosed cases are still high for some conditions including hypertension, dementia and diabetes.

Proportion of patients with specific diseases or long term physical health conditions 2023/24

Definition: The percentage of patients with specific diseases or long term health conditions, as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Prevalence of asthma (persons aged 6+ years)

Asthma is a common long-term respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways. This can lead to breathing difficulties, chest tightness, coughing and wheezing. It can affect people of all ages, though it often starts in childhood. Asthma symptoms are typically triggered by allergens, cold air, smoke, air pollution or respiratory infections. While there is currently no cure, asthma can be effectively managed with inhalers and lifestyle adaptations. The condition is usually mild, but severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

In 2023/24, 7.5% of Wiltshire’s population aged 6 years and over registered with a GP were recorded as having asthma. This is slightly higher than England (6.5%) and closely in line with the South West region (7.4%). The proportion of diagnosed cases has seen a small but steady increase in Wiltshire since 2020/21, though the rise may be influenced by improved diagnosis.

Definition: The percentage of patients aged 6 years and over with asthma, as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework 2020/21 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Incidence of all cancers

According to Cancer Research UK, there over 385,000 new cancer cases annually, equivalent to around 1,000 new cases per day. Cancer incidence data is not available at Local Authority level, yet it is possible to examine this data nationally as well as by NHS Integrated Care Board (ICB) geographies. The data presented here relates to cancer incidence (new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed) in patients in Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire NHS Integrated Care Board (BSW ICB) area and England.

Cancer incidence rates recorded across BSW ICB area have remained slightly below those recorded throughout England since 2014-2016. In 2018-2020, the incidence of diagnosed cancer across BSW ICB was 571.5 per 100,000 population, compared with 586.6 per 100,000 in England.

Definition: Incidence of all malignant cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in all persons, of all ages, expressed as a rate per 100,000 persons. Incidence refers to new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed.

Data source and time period: NHS England, National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), cancer incidence and mortality data, 2014-16 - 2018-20.

Age can also play a role in the development of cancer. Broadly, the likelihood of a cancer diagnosis increases with age, however this can vary in relation to different, specific types of cancer. Across Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire NHS Integrated Care Board (BSW ICB) area in 2018-2020, the incidence rate of diagnosed cancers rises quite markedly in persons aged 60 years and over. According to Cancer Research UK, incidence rates for all cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in the UK are highest in people aged 85 to 89 years

Definition: Incidence of all malignant cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in all persons, by age band expressed as a rate per 100,000 persons. Incidence refers to new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed.

Data source and time period: NHS England, National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), cancer incidence and mortality data, 2018-20.

Incidence of breast cancer in females

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the UK, accounting for 15% of all new cancer cases. Whilst it does affect males, it is significantly more common amongst females and the likelihood of developing it increases with age. Each year in the UK, around a quarter of all new breast cancer cases are diagnosed in females aged 75 and over according to Cancer Research UK. Risk can also be heightened by having had breast cancer previously, a family history of the disease and lifestyle factors such as weight, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption and smoking.

Breast cancer incidence data is not available at Local Authority level, however, it is possible to examine this data nationally as well as by NHS Integrated Care Board (ICB) geographies. The chart shows the rate of breast cancer incidence (new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed) in patients in Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire NHS Integrated Care Board (BSW ICB) area as well as England.

Breast cancer incidence rates recorded across BSW ICB area have been consistently above those recorded throughout England since 2014-2016. In 2018-2020, the incidence rate of diagnosed breast cancer in females across BSW ICB was 175.9 per 100,000 population, compared with 161.3 per 100,000 in England.

Definition: Incidence of breast cancer in females of all ages, expressed as a rate per 100,000 females. Incidence refers to new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed.

Data source and time period: NHS England, National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), cancer incidence and mortality data, 2014-16 - 2018-20.

Incidence of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer amongst UK males and accounts for over a quarter (28%) of all new cancer cases in men. The likelihood of developing prostate cancer increases with age, with the highest rates recorded in males in the 75-79 year age group. Cancer Research UK report that ethnicity can also be a contributory factor, as can a family history of the disease. Some inherited genes can also increase the likelihood of developing prostate cancer, although this accounts for a comparatively small number of this form of cancer.

Prostate cancer incidence data is not available at Local Authority level, however, it is possible to examine this data nationally as well as by NHS Integrated Care Board (ICB) geographies. This chart shows the rate of prostate cancer incidence (new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed) in males in Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire NHS Integrated Care Board (BSW ICB) area as well as England.

Since 2015-2017, prostate cancer incidence rates across BSW ICB area have been consistently lower than in England. In 2018-2020, the incidence rate of diagnosed prostate cancer in males across BSW ICB was 176.9 per 100,000 population, compared with 181.2 per 100,000 in England.

Definition: Incidence of prostate cancer in males of all ages, expressed as a rate per 100,000 males. Incidence refers to new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed.

Data source and time period: NHS England, National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), cancer incidence and mortality data, 2014-16 - 2018-20.

Incidence of lung cancer

Diagnosed in around 49,000 people annually, lung cancer is the third most common cancer in the UK. Smoking is the most significant cause, contributing to more than 70% of lung cancer cases. Other factors that can elevate risk include heightened exposure to certain (potentially occupation related) chemicals (such as asbestos, diesel engine exhaust and silica), previous cancer treatment, family history and age. In the UK, almost half (45%) of persons diagnosed with lung cancer are aged 75 and above.

Lung cancer incidence data is not available at Local Authority level, yet it is possible to examine this data nationally as well as by NHS Integrated Care Board (ICB) geographies. The chart shows the rate of lung cancer incidence (new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed) in persons in Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire NHS Integrated Care Board (BSW ICB) area and England.

Lung cancer incidence rates recorded across BSW ICB area have remained below those recorded nationally since 2014-2016. In 2018-2020, the incidence of diagnosed lung cancer across BSW ICB was 55.2 per 100,000 population, compared with 73.4 per 100,000 in England. Incidence rates for both areas have seen a slow decline since 2014-2016.

Definition: Incidence of lung cancer in all persons of all ages, expressed as a rate per 100,000 persons. Incidence refers to new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed.

Data source and time period: NHS England, National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), cancer incidence and mortality data,
2014-16 - 2018-20

Incidence of bowel cancer

Bowel cancer (also known as colorectal cancer) is the fourth most common cancer in the UK. Cancer Research UK estimates that around 44,100 people are diagnosed with it in the UK annually and the likelihood of developing it increases with age. Each year, just over 40% of all new bowel cancer cases in the UK are diagnosed in people aged 75 and over. Apart from age, other risk factors can include a family history of the disease or the existence of some medical conditions, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Lifestyle factors can also play a contributory role in the form of diet (eating too little fibre or higher levels of red and/or processed meat), weight, physical activity levels as well as smoking and alcohol consumption.

Bowel cancer incidence data is not available at Local Authority level, yet it is possible to examine this data nationally as well as by NHS Integrated Care Board (ICB) geographies. The chart shows the rate of bowel cancer incidence (new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed) in persons in Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire NHS Integrated Care Board (BSW ICB) area and England.

Bowel cancer incidence rates recorded across BSW ICB area have remained broadly in line with those recorded nationally since 2014-2016. In 2018-2020, the incidence of diagnosed bowel cancer across BSW ICB was 68.8 per 100,000 population, compared with 67.5 per 100,000 in England.

Definition: Incidence of bowel cancer in all persons of all ages, expressed as a rate per 100,000 persons. Incidence refers to new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed.

Data source and time period: NHS England, National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), cancer incidence and mortality data,
2014-16 - 2018-20.

Incidence of skin cancer

There are two main types of skin cancer, non melanoma (this is more common, more readily treatable and develops in the upper layers of the skin) and melanoma (this is less common, is potentially more serious and develops in cells in the skin called melanocytes found in the deep layer of the epidermis). The data included here focuses just on melanoma skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun or sunbeds is the prime cause of skin cancer. This may be long term exposure, or short periods of intense sun exposure and burning. Other risk factors include age, family history, having had skin cancer previously and, more rarely, the existence of certain skin conditions.

Skin cancer incidence data is not available at Local Authority level, yet it is possible to examine this data nationally as well as by NHS Integrated Care Board (ICB) geographies. The chart shows the rate of skin cancer incidence (new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed) in persons in Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire NHS Integrated Care Board (BSW ICB) area and England.

Skin cancer incidence rates recorded across BSW ICB area have been consistently higher than those recorded nationally since 2014-2016. In 2018-2020, the incidence of diagnosed skin cancer across BSW ICB was 30.1 per 100,000 population, compared with 26.6 per 100,000 in England.

Definition: Incidence of melanoma skin cancer in all persons of all ages, expressed as a rate per 100,000 persons. Incidence refers to new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed.

Data source and time period: NHS England, National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), cancer incidence and mortality data,
2014-16 - 2018-20.

Incidence of cervical cancer

Cancer research UK report that cervical cancer is the 14th most common cancer in females in the UK and occurs when abnormal cells in the lining of the cervix grow in an uncontrolled way. If not detected at an early stage, cancer cells can gradually grow into surrounding tissues and affect other areas of the body. It is more common in females in younger age groups and UK incidence rates for cervical cancer are the highest in females aged 30 to 34 years.

Cervical cancer incidence data is not available at Local Authority level, however, it is possible to examine this data nationally as well as by NHS Integrated Care Board (ICB) geographies. The chart shows the rate of cervical cancer incidence (new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed) in females in Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire NHS Integrated Care Board (BSW ICB) area as well as England.

Whilst cervical cancer incidence rates across BSW ICB area were lower than in England between 2014-2016 - 2016-2018, they have been similar to national rates since 2017-2019. In 2018-2020, the incidence rate of diagnosed cervical cancer in females across BSW ICB was 9.7 per 100,000 population, compared with 9.3 per 100,000 in England.

Definition: Incidence of cervical cancer in females of all ages, expressed as a rate per 100,000 females. Incidence refers to new cases of cancer, counted once when the cancer is diagnosed.

Data source and time period: NHS England, National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), cancer incidence and mortality data,
2014-16 - 2018-20.

Cancer waiting times

NHS England cancer waiting time data is not available at Local Authority level, yet it is possible to examine this data nationally as well as by Integrated Care Board (ICB). The charts included in this section show data for Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire Integrated Care Board area (BSW ICB) and England, alongside relevant NHS England national performance standards (in effect from October 2023). Data is displayed by month for the period April 2024 - March 2025 and pertains to three, specific cancer waiting time metrics. These are:

• The percentage of patients that received either a positive or negative cancer diagnosis within 4 weeks of an urgent referral
• The percentage of patients that began cancer treatment within a month (31 days) of a decision to treat
• The percentage of patients that began cancer treatment within two months (62 days) of an urgent referral or screening result

Early diagnosis is key in the successful treatment of cancer and urgent referrals can be made by GPs if cancer is suspected. Between April 2024 - March 2025 the percentage of patients in BSW ICB that received either a positive or negative cancer diagnosis within 4 weeks of an urgent GP referral averaged 73%. This is slightly lower than the national average of 76% over the same time. Since October 2024, the proportion of patients in BSW ICB receiving their results with 4 weeks has remained above the 75% NHS England diagnosis ambition.

Definition: Percentage of patients receiving a positive or negative cancer diagnosis within four weeks (28 days) of an urgent referral.

Data source and time period: NHS England, cancer waiting times, April 2024 - April 2025.

Early treatment of cancer is crucial as it increases the likelihood of successful recovery and survival. Over the period analysed, the percentage of patients in BSW ICB that commenced cancer treatment within a month of a decision to treat averaged 91%. This is in line with the national average over this time, yet below the 96% NHS England national treatment target.

Definition: Percentage of patients starting cancer treatment within 31 days (1 month) of a decision to treat.

Data source and time period: NHS England, cancer waiting times, April 2024 - April 2025.

The percentage of patients that began cancer treatment within two months of an urgent referral or screening result in BSW ICB averaged 70% over the period shown in the chart. Whilst this is marginally higher than the national average (68%), it is consistently below the NHS England national operational target of 85%.

Definition: Percentage of patients starting cancer treatment within 62 days (2 months) of a decision to treat.

Data source and time period: NHS England, cancer waiting times, April 2024 - April 2025.

Breast cancer screening coverage: Percentage of eligible 53 to 70 year olds screened

Any females registered with a GP between the ages of 50-71 years will receive a postal invitation for breast screening as part of the NHS breast screening programme. This programme aims to detect the signs and symptoms of breast cancer early and eligible persons will automatically be invited for breast screening initially between the ages of 50-53. They will then be invited for subsequent screening every 3 years until the age of 71.

Members of trans and non binary communities can either be invited automatically, or specifically request screening appointments through their GP surgery. Females registered with a GP over the age of 71 are not automatically invited for screening, but regular screening is still available upon request to local NHS breast screening services.

Following a marked drop between 2021 - 2022, likely as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, levels of breast cancer screening in Wiltshire have since continued to rise. In 2024, the proportion of eligible individuals participating in breast cancer screening in Wiltshire stood at 72.7%. Whilst this is comparable with the South West (72.6%), it is slightly higher than England as a whole (69.9%)

Further information on NHS breast screening including eligibility and how to request an appointment is available on the NHS website.

Definition: The proportion of females aged 53-70 years eligible for breast cancer screening, who have had a test with a recorded result at least once in the previous 36 months.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Breast Screening Programme 2020 - 2024, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Bowel cancer screening coverage: Percentage of eligible 60 to 74 year olds screened

NHS bowel cancer screening aims to detect bowel cancer along with changes that could lead to its development early. Screening consists of the provision of a bowel cancer screening kit (also known as a FIT - Faecal Immunochemical Test) every two years to eligible persons. From April 2021 in England, you need to be aged 50-74 years and registered with a GP to receive the testing kit. Persons aged 75 and over are able to request a home test kit every 2 years by calling the bowel cancer screening helpline. The test is done at home and the kit contains both instructions of what to do, as well as a prepaid envelope to enable participants to send the sample to the hospital for analysis.

Whilst screening of this nature is now available to 50-74 years olds, the data in the chart pertains to coverage for persons aged 60-74 years only. This is done by way of comparability, as the time period shown predates the extension of the screening programme to 50-74 year olds, effective from April 2021. The chart below shows bowel cancer screening coverage for Wiltshire, the South West and England since 2020. Over the period shown, bowel cancer screening coverage in Wiltshire has steadily risen and has generally been consistently higher than levels in the South West, and more markedly, England.

Definition: The proportion of eligible males and females aged 60 to 74 years, invited for bowel screening, who had an adequate faecal occult blood test (FOBt) screening result in the previous 30 months.

Data source and time period: NHS England, bowel cancer screening programme 2020 - 2024, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Cervical cancer screening coverage

The NHS cervical screening programme is available to females in the 25-64 year age range, inclusive of members of trans and non binary communities. In England, eligible 25-64 year olds registered with a GP are invited for cervical screening every five years. The programme aims to detect symptoms or changes as early as possible in order to prevent the development of cervical cancer and tests for a virus called human papilloma virus (HPV). High risk HPV can cause cervical cells to become abnormal. Changes in pre-cancerous cells as well as early cervical cancers do not necessarily always present with symptoms which is why regular cervical screening is important.

Between 2020 - 2024, Wiltshire’s cervical screening coverage for 25-49 year olds has remained relatively stable (between 75-77%). It has also been consistently higher than levels recorded in both the South West and England.

Cervical screening coverage for 50-64 year olds in Wiltshire has also remained steady (at 77-78%) over the period analysed. Whilst coverage is routinely higher than that recorded nationally, it is similar to that reported across the South West region.

Further information regarding cervical cancer screening can be found on the NHS website.

Definition: The proportion of females in the resident population eligible for cervical screening aged 25 to 49 years, who were screened within the previous 3.5 years.

Data source and time period: NHS England, cervical screening programme 2020 - 2024, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Definition: The proportion of females in the resident population eligible for cervical screening aged 50 to 64 years, who were screened within the previous 5.5 years.

Data source and time period: NHS England, cervical screening programme 2020 - 2024, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD or chronic renal disease) refers to progressive loss of kidney function over time. It is usually caused by (a combination of) other conditions that put a strain on the kidneys. These include hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, high cholesterol as well as kidney infections and/or inflammation. Often associated with getting older, chronic kidney disease cannot always be prevented. There are steps however, that can be taken to reduce the potential risk of developing it. These include eating healthily, taking regular exercise, stopping smoking, limiting alcohol intake as well as proactively managing any underlying health conditions (such as those named above).

In 2023/24, 4.8% of people aged 18 and over in Wiltshire registered with a GP were recorded as having CKD. This is similar to the level recorded nationally (4.4%) and slightly below that in the South West (5.3%). Further information about chronic kidney disease, including how to identify and manage symptoms as well as available treatment options is available on the NHS website.

Definition: The percentage of patients aged 18 or over with chronic kidney disease (CKD), as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of progressive lung conditions (including chronic bronchitis and emphysema) that cause airflow obstruction and breathing difficulties. The condition is largely preventable and most commonly caused by long-term smoking. Other risk factors include exposure to air pollutants, (occupational) dust or chemicals and genetic factors. COPD symptoms can worsen over time and include chronic coughing, shortness of breath and frequent chest infections. Early diagnosis and smoking cessation are key to improving quality of life and reducing complications.

In 2023/24, 1.9% of patients registered with a GP in Wiltshire were recorded as having COPD. This is in line with national prevalence levels and slightly below that in the South West (2.1%). Local figures have remained broadly stable over the past five data points shown in the graph, varying between 1.8% - 1.9%.

Definition: The percentage of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Prevalence of coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as ischaemic heart disease, occurs when the blood supply to the heart muscle is restricted or blocked by a build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries. This can lead to chest pain (angina), heart attacks and even heart failure.

According to the British Heart Foundation, CHD is one of the leading causes of premature death in the UK and is often linked to modifiable risk factors such as smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, as well as high blood pressure and cholesterol.

In 2023/24, 3.5% of people registered with a GP in Wiltshire were recorded as having CHD. This is consistent with previous years and has shown no significant change since 2019/20. Wiltshire’s rate remains slightly higher than the national average (3.0%) and is similar to the prevalence for the South West region (3.6%). Although prevalence is stable, this reflects only diagnosed cases and early lifestyle interventions remain essential for reducing future risk.

Definition: The percentage of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Prevalence of dementia

Dementia is the term used to describe a range of progressive conditions including Alzheimer's disease, vascular and Lewy body dementia that are associated with declining brain function. Different types of dementia will affect people uniquely. Symptoms are wide ranging and can include memory loss, mood changes, problems with reasoning, speech, language or movement, declining mental agility as well as emotional and/or behavioural difficulties. Although not an inevitable part of ageing, the risk of developing dementia increases with age, particularly after 65.

The Alzheimer’s Society estimate that there are currently around 1 million people in the UK living with dementia and this figure is expected to rise as people are living longer. In 2023/24, 1.0% of persons registered with a GP in Wiltshire were recorded as having dementia. This is broadly in line with the South West (0.9%) as well as England (0.8%).

It is important to note that dementia often goes undiagnosed, particularly in its early stages. While recorded prevalence may not fully reflect the underlying need, these prevalence figures help highlight the scale of the challenge locally and the continued importance of proactive case finding, especially in older adults.

Definition: The percentage of patients with dementia, as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

In 2024, 61.7% of people aged 65 and over with dementia in Wiltshire are estimated to have a diagnosis, equivalent to around 4,900 people. This infers that there are in the region of an estimated 3,000 people in older age groups in the county that are undiagnosed. Estimated dementia diagnosis levels for persons over the age of 65 in Wiltshire has remained relatively stable between 2021 - 2024, slightly higher than the South West region, but slightly lower than those estimated nationally. Whilst there is currently no cure, a dementia diagnosis (particularly at an early stage) can help people access the right care, treatment and support. It can further help them, along with relatives, carers and healthcare staff to work effectively together and plan accordingly to improve individual health and care outcomes. Further information about dementia, including how to identify symptoms, as well as advice on available treatment, care and support options in Wiltshire is available on the Beyond Dementia website.

Definition: The rate of persons aged 65 and older with a recorded diagnosis of dementia per person, estimated to have dementia, expressed as a percentage. Estimates are based on the characteristics of the local registered population and the age and sex specific prevalence rates of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II.

Data source and time period: OHID, based on NHS England recorded dementia diagnoses data, 2020 - 2024, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

5-year-olds with experience of visually obvious dental decay

Developing good oral health habits from an early age helps to avoid tooth decay. Tooth decay occurs when sugars interact with bacteria in tooth plaque causing acid production which can, in turn, lead to holes in teeth known as cavities. Tooth decay is largely preventable and there are a number of steps that parents, carers and practitioners can take to promote good oral health in children. These include limiting consumption of added sugars found in food and drinks, regular tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste and dental check ups.

In 2023/24, 11.4% of five year olds in Wiltshire, examined as part of the most recent national oral health survey, showed signs of visually obvious dental decay. This is lower than both the South West region (19.7%) as well as England (22.4%).

Definition: Percentage of 5-year-olds examined as part of the biennial national oral health survey, with dental decay extending to the dentine layer which can be detected by visual observation alone.

Data source and time period: OHID, National Dental Epidemiology Programme: Oral health survey of five year old children (Biennial publication), 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Hospital admissions for dental caries (0 - 5 years)

Rates of hospital admissions as result of tooth decay in children aged up to five years in Wiltshire have increased 2021/22 - 2023/24, following a period of sustained reduction. In 2021/22 - 2023/24, rates of hospital admissions of this nature in Wiltshire stood at 255.1 per 100,000 0-5 year olds, higher than rates recorded in the South West (170.1 per 100,000) as well as England (207.2 per 100,000).

Definition: Finished consultant episodes for all persons aged 0 to 5 years for dental caries, as a rate per 100,000 persons.

Data source and time period: NHS England, hospital episode statistics (HES) 2017/18-2019/20 - 2021/22 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Prevalence of diabetes (persons aged 17+ years)

Diabetes is a long-term condition that affects how the body regulates blood glucose levels. The two main types are type 1 diabetes (an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells) and type 2 diabetes (where the body does not produce enough insulin or does not respond to it properly). Type 2 diabetes is more common and often associated with risk factors including obesity, inactivity, poor diet, and family history. If left unmanaged, diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage and vision loss. According to the British Heart Foundation, adults with diabetes are two to three times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

In Wiltshire in 2023/24, 7.6% of patients aged 17 years and over were recorded as having diabetes on GP practice disease registers. This is similar to England (7.7%) and the South West (7.4%). The prevalence in Wiltshire has gradually increased from 7.0% in 2019/20, reflecting national trends. This may reflect a growing burden of disease levels and/or improved detection and diagnosis. Prevention and early intervention play vital roles in preventing resultant complications and improving long-term outcomes.

Definition: The percentage of patients aged 17 or over with diabetes mellitus, as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in children aged 0-14 years

Accidents and injuries amongst children and young people represent a significant public health issue. They are a leading cause of hospitalisation, ill health and even premature mortality within younger populations that can often be prevented. In the UK, according to RoSPA, children aged five years and under are at an elevated risk of incurring injury in the home. Falls are responsible for the majority of non fatal injuries whilst the highest number of deaths result from accidents involving choking, strangulation or suffocation. Many accidents in domestic settings can be prevented through a combination of factors including heightened awareness of risks and hazards, home adjustments and increased product safety.

The rate of hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in 0-14 year olds in Wiltshire has broadly declined since 2020/21. In 2023/24, there were approximately 750 hospital admissions of this nature in Wiltshire, equivalent to a rate of 87.6 per 10,000 children aged 0 to 14 years. This is higher than rates reported in the South West (79.7 per 10,000) as well as throughout England (72.7 per 10,000).

In Wiltshire, rates of hospital admissions of this nature were generally higher in males between 2019/20 - 2022/23 although they have been steadily decreasing since 2021/22. In contrast, rates in females rose in 2023/24 compared to the previous year, exceeding the rate observed in males in the same year.

Definition: Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in children aged under 15 years in persons, males and females, expressed as a rate per 10,000 resident population within the specified age group.

Data source and time period: NHS England, hospital episode statistics (HES), 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in young people aged 15-24 years

Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in 15-24 year olds is a composite indicator that acknowledges some of the risks that young people can experience as they develop and grow. Unintentional injuries are those that are sustained accidentally, as a result of falls, through sports or road traffic collisions, or through accidents in the home for instance. Deliberate injuries include, for example, injuries resulting from assaults as well as deliberate self-harm.

Injuries are a significant cause of hospitalisation and ill health amongst young people. Injuries sustained early in life can also be a major cause of long term physical and mental health issues that can sometimes prevail into adulthood. Rates of hospital admissions as a result of unintentional and deliberate injuries in young people aged 15-24 years in Wiltshire have steadily decreased since 2021/22.

In 2023/24, just over 600 hospital admissions were recorded for unintentional and deliberate injuries within the 15-24 year age group in Wiltshire, equivalent to a rate of 118.1 per 10,000 population. This is higher than both the South West (108.2 per 10,000) and England (88.6 per 10,000) and this is a sustained, long term trend.

In Wiltshire, rates of hospital admissions of this nature have been routinely higher in females compared with males, although rates observed in both males and females are reducing. Further information relating to deliberate injury can be found in later in this section of the JSNA, in the section entitled ‘Self harm’.

Definition: Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in young people aged 15-24 years in persons, males and females, expressed as a rate per 10,000 resident population within the specified age group.

Data source and time period: NHS England, hospital episode statistics (HES), 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Emergency hospital admissions due to falls in persons aged 65+ years

Anyone can experience a fall at any time of life, however the likelihood increases as we age. The Office for Health Improvement and Disparities indicates that, nationally, around a third of people aged 65 years and over and approximately half of people aged over 80, fall at least once a year. There are numerous, inter-related reasons for this heightened risk including muscle weakness, poor balance, visual impairment and environmental hazards.

Injuries can range in severity and fractures are more common in people with low bone mineral density (a condition associated with osteoporosis). Poor mobility, low body weight, a diet lacking in calcium and vitamin D, smoking, alcohol consumption and some long term conditions can increase the risk of sustaining a fracture. Impacts can be wide ranging and include physical ill health, compromised independence and reduced confidence.

Rates of emergency hospital admissions as a result of falls in persons aged 65 years and over in Wiltshire have consistently reduced since 2021/22. In 2023/24, there were around 2,200 hospital admissions for falls for this age group in Wiltshire. This is equivalent to a rate of 1,807 per 100,000 population. Whilst this is similar to rate in the South West (1,827 per 100,000), it is lower than that reported in England (1,984 per 100,000).

In Wiltshire, admission rates are consistently higher in females compared with males and the same is true nationally.

Community health and social care professionals as well as persons in caring roles can help to reduce the risk of falls, particularly in persons in older age groups by:

• Encouraging physical activity and regular eye and ear checks
• Facilitating social connection
• Promoting healthy behaviours, including strength and balance exercises, eating a balanced diet and increasing water consumption.

Definition: Emergency hospital admissions for falls injuries in persons, males and females aged 65 and over, directly age standardised rate per 100,000.

Data source and time period: NHS England, hospital episode statistics (HES), 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Hepatitis C detection

The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a bloodborne virus (BBV) that infects the liver. Over time, it can cause severe liver damage leading to cirrhosis, liver failure and cancer. The UK government is committed to eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030 and effective diagnosis and timely provision of antiretroviral treatments are critical to achieving this. Hepatitis C can be difficult to diagnose and public data on this topic at Local Authority level is extremely limited.

The latest public data shows a detection rate in Wiltshire of around 12 per 100,000 population. This is lower than detection rates in both the South West (16.8 per 100,000) and in England (25.1 per 100,000). This may reflect differences in the demographics of the populations, as hepatitis C is more prevalent in specific vulnerable groups, or it may be attributable to differing approaches to testing. Access to the secure HCV testing and treatment dashboard may be requested by professionals via the gov.uk website: Hepatitis C testing and treatment dashboard.

Definition: New diagnoses of confirmed chronic hepatitis C, expressed as a rate per 100,000 population.

Data source and time period: UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS), 2018 - 2022, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

HIV testing and diagnosis

Testing is vital to the treatment and management of HIV, and testing and diagnosis rates are closely linked. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to both increase survival rates and reduce the risk of onward transmission. Although the majority of HIV diagnoses are made in genitourinary medicine (GUM) services, HIV testing has been introduced in a variety of different medical and non-medical settings and has been expanded to include self-sampling/self-testing.

In Wiltshire, the HIV testing rate (representing the number of HIV tests taken as opposed to the number of people tested) has been subtly rising since 2021. This follows a period of marked reduction between 2019 and 2021, likely as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. In 2023, the HIV testing rate in Wiltshire was 934.9 per 100,000 persons, lower than rates recorded in the South West (1675.9 per 100,000) and England as a whole (2770.7 per 100,000).

Definition: The number of HIV tests taken per year through publicly funded sexual health services in England, expressed per as a rate per 100,000 population.

Data source and time period: UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), GUMCAD STI surveillance system, 2019 - 2023, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

The rate of newly diagnosed HIV infections in Wiltshire rose sharply in 2023 when compared to the previous year. This mirrors both national and regional trends. Whilst this could signal a higher burden of infection, it could also be attributable to increased testing. In 2023, the HIV diagnosis rate in Wiltshire was 8.3 per 100,000 persons. This is higher than rates recorded in the South West (7.7 per 100,000) yet lower than in England (10.4 per 100,000).

Definition: All new HIV diagnoses among people in the UK, expressed as a rate per 100,000 population.

Data source and time period: UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS) 2019 - 2023 via the OHID Fingertips Tool.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in people newly diagnosed with HIV

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) refers to a combination of medications that are used to treat the HIV infection. It works by preventing the virus from replicating, allowing the immune system to recover as a result of reduced infection levels. Whilst this type of therapy is not a cure, it can help people with HIV live long, healthy lives. Successful ART decreases a person's viral load, and HIV transmission does not occur when the viral load is undetectable. This has been the basis of the 2016 Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U) campaign endorsed by 790 organisations worldwide, including key stakeholders for HIV prevention in the UK.

In the period 2022 - 2024 in Wiltshire, 83.3% of persons newly diagnosed with HIV began ART within 91 days of the diagnosis compared with 89.7% in the South West and 81.2% throughout England.

Definition: Proportion of people who started antiretroviral therapy within 91 days of their HIV diagnosis.

Data source and time period: UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS), 2022-24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Prevalence of hypertension

Hypertension (or high blood pressure) occurs when the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Over time, this can damage the blood vessels and vital organs, increasing the risk of serious conditions such as heart attack, stroke, kidney disease and vascular dementia. Blood pressure is measured using two numbers: the systolic pressure (when the heart beats) and the diastolic pressure (when the heart rests between beats). A reading of 140/90mmHg or above is generally considered high, while a normal range is around 120/80mmHg.

In 2023/24, 16.5% of people registered with a GP in Wiltshire were recorded as having hypertension, a steady increase from 15.4% in 2020/21. This is higher than the national average (14.8%) and similar to the South West (16.1%). The upward trend likely reflects both a growing burden of modifiable risk factors (such as excess salt intake, obesity and low physical activity) as well as improvements in diagnosis. Many people, however, remain unaware of their condition, highlighting the importance of ongoing screening and increased public awareness.

Definition: The percentage of patients with established hypertension, as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

NHS health checks offered, received and taken up

The NHS health check programme aims to help prevent heart disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease. People between the ages of 40 and 74, who have not already been diagnosed with one of these conditions, are invited for a free check up of their overall health (once every five years). This is to help identify any early signs or risks of developing any of the conditions listed above. A high take up of NHS health checks is important as it increases opportunities for early interventions.

Over the period analysed, Wiltshire has consistently offered a higher proportion of its population an NHS health check compared with regional and national comparators.

Whilst a higher proportion of Wiltshire's eligible population have received an NHS health check compared with both the South West and England, this has been consistently reducing over the period shown.

The proportion of eligible persons in Wiltshire offered an NHS health check who subsequently receive one has steadily declined over the analysed time frame. In the most recent data period (2019/20 - 2023/24), the proportion of persons aged 40-74 in Wiltshire offered and receiving an NHS health check stood at 37%, lower than proportions recorded in both the South West (41.9%) and England (40.6%). Given the higher proportion of NHS health checks that are offered within Wiltshire, it indicates that a gap exists in terms of converting those offers into health checks that are subsequently taken up.

Definition: The rolling 5 year cumulative percentage of the eligible population aged 40 to 74 offered, receiving and taking up an a NHS health check.

Data source and time period: NHS England, NHS health check programme 2015/16-2019/20 - 2019/20-2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

New STI diagnoses

Most adults are sexually active and sexual health needs vary by age, sex, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. Timely access to quality services improves both individual as well as overall population health. Sexual ill health is unequally distributed, with higher rates of STIs, teenage conceptions and abortions linked to deprivation. Women, men who have sex with men (MSM), teenagers, young adults, and ethnic minorities bear the greatest burden and may face stigma that limits access to care. Wiltshire aims to empower individuals and communities to make informed contraceptive choices, to take steps to prevent STIs and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) and enjoy safe, consensual sexual experiences free from discrimination and violence.

Diagnosis rates of STIs should be interpreted with caution. A high diagnosis rate is indicative of a high burden of infection, however, a low diagnosis rate may be explained by other, additional factors, such as low testing rates.

Overall STI diagnosis rates in Wiltshire have remained fairly stable since 2023 following a period of mild fluctuation. In 2024, the rate of new STI diagnoses in Wiltshire stood at 317 per 100,000 population, markedly lower than rates across the South West (432 per 100,000) and England (632 per 100,000).

Definition: All new STI diagnoses among people accessing sexual health services in England who are also resident in England, expressed as a crude rate per 100,000 persons.

Data source and time period: UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), GUMCAD STI and CTAD chlamydia surveillance systems 2020 - 2024, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Chlamydia screening in females under 25 years

Chlamydia screening can help to detect and diagnose asymptomatic infections. This can help to reduce infection duration, lower the risk of developing associated complications and limit onward transmission. The National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) promotes opportunistic screening to sexually active young people aged 15 to 24 years. Changes to the programme introduced in June 2021 means that it now focuses specifically on reducing reproductive harm related to untreated infections in females under 25 years.

The proportion of females aged 15-24 years screened for chlamydia in Wiltshire has steadily reduced since 2021. In 2024, 15.4% of 15-24 year old females underwent screening of this nature, compared with 18.9% across the South West and 18.0% in England.

Definition: All chlamydia tests (asymptomatic screens and symptomatic tests) undertaken in females 15 to 24 year olds attending sexual health services (SHSs) and community-based settings, who are residents in England, expressed as a proportion of the population. Chlamydia test coverage data represents the number of tests reported, and not the number of people tested.

Data source and time period: UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), GUMCAD STI and CTAD chlamydia surveillance system, 2021 - 2024, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Chlamydia diagnostic rate (all persons, all ages)

Chlamydia causes avoidable sexual and reproductive ill-health. While chlamydia infections are more commonly found among young adults aged under 25 years, persons over the age of 25 are still at risk of infection.

Diagnosis rates should be interpreted with caution. A high diagnosis rate may be indicative of a higher burden of infection, whereas low diagnosis rates may also be explained other additional factors such as low testing rates.

Rates of chlamydia diagnosis (in all persons, of all ages) have remained relatively stable in Wiltshire between 2021-2024. In 2024, the rate of positive chlamydia diagnoses in Wiltshire stood at 148 per 100,000 persons. This is lower than rates in both the South West (216 per 100,000) as well as England (293 per 100,000).

Definition: All chlamydia diagnoses among people accessing sexual health services in England who are also residents in England, expressed as a rate per 100,000 population.

Data source and time period: UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), GUMCAD STI and CTAD chlamydia surveillance systems, 2020 - 2024, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Prevalence of stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA)

Strokes occur when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, cutting off oxygen and nutrients to brain tissue. Transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs), sometimes referred to as "mini-strokes", are caused by temporary blockages that resolve within 24 hours but are often warning signs of a future stroke.

The British Heart Foundation indicates that strokes are not only one of the biggest killers in the UK, but they are also a leading cause of severe disability. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, atrial fibrillation, obesity, and low levels of physical activity. Early detection and management of these underlying conditions can significantly reduce the risk of both stroke and TIA.

In 2023/24, 2.3% of people registered with a GP in Wiltshire were recorded as having experienced a stroke or TIA. This figure has remained consistent since 2019/20 and mirrors the current South West average (2.3%). It is higher than the national average of 1.9%. Although the data suggests a stable trend, the burden of stroke remains significant. As survival rates improve, effective support for recovery and rehabilitation becomes increasingly important.

Definition: The percentage of patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Conception rate in under 18 year olds

Whilst not all teenage conceptions are unplanned, teenagers are at an elevated risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. For some females under 18 years old, having a child when young can be a positive life event. For many, however, it can be challenging and can result in poorer physical and mental health outcomes for both mother and child, according to the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities.

The conception rate in females below the age of 18 in Wiltshire has been steadily declining since 2007. More recently, rates have remained relatively stable in 2020 and 2021 following a period of comparative increase between 2017 and 2019. In 2021, the conception rate in females aged between 15-17 years in Wiltshire stood at 7.0 per 1,000 females within the specified age range. This is lower than rates reported in both the South West (11.1 per 1,000) as well as England (13.1 per 1,000).

Definition: Conceptions in females aged 15-17 years expressed as a rate per 1,000 females within the specified age range.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), conceptions in England and Wales 2017 - 2021, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Statutory notifications of key vaccine-preventable infections (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, TB and Whooping Cough)

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "..the two public health interventions that have had the greatest impact on the world’s health are clean water and vaccines”. Since vaccines were introduced in the UK, infectious diseases like smallpox, tetanus and polio that historically caused the death or disability of millions of people, have either been eradicated completely or present very rarely. There are several immunisations that are offered to the residents of Wiltshire as part of the UK national schedule and data relating to these can also be viewed in this section of the JSNA.

The table here shows comparative annual data relating to notifications made to the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of several key vaccine-preventable, infectious diseases in Wiltshire. When viewing the data, it is important to remember that it is indicative only, as a proportion of statutory notifications do not turn out to be the reported infection.

Whilst notifications of this nature have been generally relatively low in Wiltshire over the time period shown, 2024 saw a significant rise in notifications relating to whooping cough (also known as pertussis). This was due to an overall marked increase in cases throughout England.

Pertussis is a cyclical disease that peaks every three to five years. It is an infection of the lungs and breathing tubes that more commonly presents in babies and very young children. It can, however, also affect older children and adults. The last major national increase was in 2016 and nationwide Covid-19 disease control measures (implemented between 2020 and 2021) also served to limit the spread of other infectious diseases, including pertussis. Consequently, pertussis was exceptionally low across England until case numbers began to increase steeply throughout the country in 2024.

Whilst a full year of data was not available for 2025 at the time of writing, notifications received until March 2025 indicate that pertussis notifications in Wiltshire have significantly reduced and are now comparable with levels reported in 2023.

Number of statutory notifications of key vaccine-preventable infections in Wiltshire 2023 and 2024

Definition: Number of statutory notifications of key vaccine preventable infections (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, TB and Whooping Cough) in Wiltshire reported to the UK Heath Security Agency (UKHSA).

Data source and time period: UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Notifications of Infectious Diseases (NOIDS), 2023 and 2024.

Vaccination coverage: Children aged 1, 2 and 5 years

Vaccination coverage is a good indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine preventable, communicable diseases. Regular monitoring can help to identify potential areas of reduced population immunity before levels of disease rise. The table presented here shows comparative vaccination coverage for vaccines provided to children aged between 1 and 5 years.

In 2023/24, Wiltshire was above the national 95% target for a number of the childhood baseline vaccines. However, coverage for the following vaccines and age groups fell below the national 95% coverage target: rotavirus vaccine for 1-year-olds; MMR, PCV, Men B, Hib and Men C boosters for 2-year-olds; and Dtap/IPV booster and the second dose of the MMR vaccine for five-year-olds.

Definition: Percentage of specified population group vaccinated.

Data source and time period: NHS England immunisation statistics, 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Vaccination coverage: Young people aged 12-15 years

The tables presented here show comparative coverage for vaccines provided to young people aged between 12-15 years. In terms of the second dose of the HPV vaccine that is administered to 13-14 year olds, data is only shown for 2022/23 due to limited data availability.

Levels of coverage of the vaccinations shown across both tables are higher in Wiltshire compared with both the South West and England for the most recent years of data. All, however, have fallen below the national coverage ambition of 90%.

Vaccination coverage: Flu

The table presented here shows comparative flu vaccination coverage for a number of different population groups.

In 2023/24, flu vaccination coverage in Wiltshire was higher than both the South West and England across all population groupings. Coverage in the county for at risk individuals aged between 6 months to 65 years fell below below it's national coverage ambition in 2023/24. Flu vaccination coverage for 2 to 3-year-old children in Wiltshire has not met it's national coverage target since 2020/21.

Definition: Percentage of specified population group vaccinated. At risk individuals are persons in clinical risk groups who are at a heightened risk of morbidity and/or mortality from flu. This includes pregnant women in clinical risk groups but excludes otherwise healthy pregnant women and carers.

Data source and time period: NHS England immunisation statistics, 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Vaccination coverage: Persons aged 65+ years

The table presented here shows comparative coverage for vaccines provided to persons aged 65 years and over.

In 2022/23, levels of coverage of both the vaccinations shown in the table are higher in Wiltshire compared with both the South West and England. However, in Wiltshire, both vaccinations have fallen below their respective national coverage ambitions over the same time frame.

Definition: Percentage of specified population group vaccinated.

Data source and time period: NHS England immunisation statistics, 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Estimated percentage of persons with a high anxiety score

Anxiety is a feeling of unease, worry or fear. It can last for short or prolonged periods and can vary in severity. All of us will experience feelings of anxiety during our lives, particularly in commonly stressful situations such as job interviews or exams. In these scenarios, feeling anxious can be perfectly normal. For some however, feelings of worry, dread or panic can be more persistent and/or harder to control. This can have a detrimental impact on daily life as well as mental and physical health.

The chart below, is derived from data collected in the Annual Population Survey (APS) by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). It shows the estimated percentage of people (aged 16 and over) living in residential households with higher levels of anxiety. Estimated levels of anxiety based on the APS in Wiltshire rose by 7% in 2022/23 compared to the previous year. In 2022/23, over a quarter (28.6%) of people aged 16 and over in Wiltshire reported elevated levels of anxiety. This is higher than estimates in both the South West (22.1%) as well as England (23.3%).

There are a number of treatments that can help to reduce or manage anxiety including self help resources, talking therapies and medication. Further information about anxiety, including available treatments can be found on the Mind.org.uk website.

Definition: The percentage of respondents aged 16+ years responding with a score of 6 to 10 to the question "Overall, how anxious did you feel yesterday?" in the ONS Annual Population Survey (APS). Responses are given on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not anxious and 10 is the highest level of anxiety.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Population Survey (APS), 2018/19 - 2022/23, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Prevalence of depression (persons aged 18+ years)

Depression is a common mental health condition characterised by persistent low mood, loss of interest or pleasure, fatigue, disturbed sleep, changes in appetite and difficulty concentrating. It can vary in severity and duration, and while many people recover with the right support, it can become a long-term or recurring illness. Causes of depression are complex and include biological, psychological and social factors. Life events such as bereavement, unemployment, trauma, or chronic illness can trigger or worsen symptoms. Timely identification, access to talking therapies, medication and social support can all help to improve outcomes.

In 2022/23, 11.8% of adults registered with a GP in Wiltshire were recorded as having depression, an increase from 10.0% in 2018/19. Prevalence has also risen across the South West and England over the same period. Wiltshire’s current prevalence remains below regional and national levels.

The upward trend likely reflects increased awareness, reduced stigma and improvements in identification and recording within primary care. However, it may also signal growing levels of distress in the wider population as a result of the current socio-economic climate.

Definition: The percentage of patients aged 18 and over with depression, as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework, 2018/19 - 2022/23, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Prevalence of serious mental health conditions

Mental health conditions included in the metric are schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychoses. Individuals diagnosed with such conditions will have their own unique symptoms and experiences, but, very broadly, symptoms can include hallucinations, delusions and/or confused or disturbed thoughts. Conditions such as those named above can be extremely debilitating and can severely negatively impact both psychological and physical long term health.

In 2023/24, 0.8% of GP registered patients in Wiltshire were recorded as having a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or other psychoses and this is similar to the South West (0.9%) and England (1.0%). Prevalence has remained relatively stable over the period analysed both locally, as well as for regional and national comparators.

Definition: The percentage of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and other psychoses, as recorded on practice disease registers.

Data source and time period: NHS England, Quality and Outcomes Framework 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Hospital admissions due to mental health conditions in persons under 18 years

This metric covers a multitude of mental health conditions that range in severity, complexity and causes. Examples of the types of conditions included here are disease or injury that causes cerebral dysfunction, schizophrenia, mood, eating and personality disorders, disorders linked to substance use and conditions associated with heightened stress.

According to the Office of Health Improvement and Disparities, half of adults with long-term mental health issues will have experienced their first symptoms in adolescence, often before the age of 14. Children and young people who suffer with mental health conditions are also more likely to be at a heightened risk of self-harming and/or misusing substances. Failure to diagnose, treat and sensitively support children and young people with mental health disorders at the earliest opportunity can have a profound impact on their future, often resulting in poorer health outcomes.

Hospital admissions due to mental health conditions in under 18 year olds in Wiltshire saw a decrease in 2023/24, following a period of fluctuation. In 2023/24, around 100 hospital admissions of this nature were recorded in Wiltshire, equivalent to a rate of 91.9 per 100,000 population. This is slightly higher than the rate reported nationally (80.2 per 100,000), yet lower than that in the South West (127.5 per 100,000).

Admission rates are notably and consistently higher in young females in the county, although they have been declining since 2021/22. Rates amongst young Wiltshire males, meanwhile, have remained relatively stable since 2021/22.

Definition: Hospital admissions for mental health disorders in persons, males and females aged 0 to 17 years, expressed as a rate per 100,000 persons within the specified age range.

Data source and time period: NHS England, hospital episode statistics (HES), 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Hospital admissions as a result of self harm in children and young people aged 10-24 years

Self-harm is an intentional act of self-poisoning (with for example, medication, alcohol or other harmful substances) or self-injury (often by cutting), irrespective of motive. There are numerous, complex reasons why children and young people may try to harm themselves and it can be a way of coping with or expressing overwhelming emotional distress. Self-harm can be seriously detrimental to the health and wellbeing of children and young people, both psychologically and physically. Paracetamol poisoning can cause acute liver failure whilst, self-cutting not only results in scarring, but can also lead to permanent damage to tendons and nerves. Admissions to hospital following an episode of self-harm alone are unlikely to provide a fully representative picture of the extent of the issue of self harm at local, regional and national levels. This is due to the fact that there will be individuals who self-harm that do not seek help or present via other routes. These can include clinical pathways such as urgent treatment centres, NHS 111 and GP services as well as support services provided through organisations such as schools, universities and (mental health) charities.

Hospital admissions as a result of self harm in 10-24 year olds in Wiltshire have continued to fall since 2021/22 following a prior period of sustained increase. In 2023/24, the rate of hospital admissions due to self harm in 10-24 year olds in Wiltshire was 554.5 per 100,000 persons within this specific age bracket. This is significantly higher than rates reported in both the South West (447.4 per 100,000) as well as in England (266.6 per 100,000).

Rates have historically been consistently and significantly higher in young females in Wiltshire compared with young males which is reflective of the national and regional picture. Admission rates in both males and females have, however, gradually reduced since 2021/22 in line with the overall trend. In 2023/24, almost 80% of hospital admissions of this nature involved young females.

Definition: Emergency hospital admissions as a result of self harm in males and females aged 10 - 24 years, expressed as a rate per 100,000 population.

Data source and time period: NHS England, hospital episode statistics (HES), 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.

Emergency hospital admissions as a result of self harm in all persons of all ages

Self-harm is often an expression of acute personal distress and there is a significant, heightened potential risk of future suicide in persons that display self harming behaviours. Rates of hospital admissions as a result of self harm in Wiltshire (for all persons of all ages) have consistently reduced since 2020/21. In 2023/24, just over 1,060 hospital admissions relating to self harm were recorded in Wiltshire, representing a rate of 215.2 per 100,000 population. This is significantly higher than rates reported in the South West (174.6 per 100,000) as well as England (117.0 per 100,000). Further research is required to determine whether increased rates are due to a higher prevalence of self harm and hospital admissions may be influenced to some degree by the configuration of local services. Close adherence to NICE guidance and/or limited local availability of alternative support services may necessitate practices that result in higher hospital admission rates.

Rates of hospital admissions due to self harm in the wider population are significantly more pronounced in females in Wiltshire compared with males, mirroring both the regional and national picture. Admission rates in females have, however, been steadily declining since 2020/21 whilst rates amongst males have tended to fluctuate at a much lower level. In 2023/24, almost 70% of hospital admissions of this nature involved females.

Definition: Emergency hospital admissions as a result of self harm in all persons, males and females of all ages, expressed as a rate per 100,000 population.

Data source and time period: NHS England, hospital episode statistics (HES), 2019/20 - 2023/24, via the OHID Fingertips tool.