Education and employment

Percentage of pupils known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM)

Eating well is fundamental for children and young people in terms of their physical health, learning and development. Healthy, free school meals can help to reduce inequalities so all children can learn and thrive, irrespective of background or circumstance.

Children in Reception and Years 1 and 2 in state funded schools in England are currently entitled to universal free school meals, regardless of household income. For children and young people in Year 3 and upwards, eligibility is based on their parents or carers receiving qualifying benefits. A full list of these is available on the GOV.uk website.

In Wiltshire, the percentage of pupils in state funded schools known to be eligible for free school meals has consistently risen, from 13% in 2020/21 to 17.1% in 2024/25. This rising trend is one that is also reflected regionally and nationally. It should be noted that this data focuses only on proportions of pupils that are known to be eligible for free school meals as they are registered as such with the relevant local authority. This data is, therefore, likely to underestimate the true picture here (although it is not known to what extent), as not all pupils who qualify for free school meals will be registered as eligible.

In 2024/25, 11,944 children and young people were known to be eligible for free school meals in Wiltshire, a rise of just over 500 pupils compared with the previous year. This is likely reflective of the increasingly challenging financial climate. As a response to this, the government is removing qualifying income thresholds for families on Universal Credit in England (currently less than £7,400 per year) to include all pupils from households in receipt of Universal Credit. This will come into effect from the beginning of the 2026 school year and will mean more children will be eligible for a free nutritious meal every school day.

Definition: Pupils attending a state maintained school that are known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) on January School Census day, as a percentage of all pupils in state maintained schools.

Children in Reception, Year 1, and Year 2 are entitled to universal free school meals, regardless of household income. From Year 3 upwards, eligibility is based on the parent or carer receiving qualifying benefits.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Schools, pupils and their characteristics, 2020/21 - 2024/25.

Percentage of pupils taking free school meals (FSM)

In Wiltshire, the proportion of pupils in state funded schools actually taking free school meals has very slowly risen, from 11% in 2020/21 to 12.9% in 2024/25. Whilst this is a pattern also observed regionally and nationally, proportions of pupils taking free school meals in the county have remained below levels seen in England and the South West over the period shown.

Not all children and young people who are eligible for free school meals take them and the gap between eligibility and take up in the county has grown (from 2% in 2021 to 4.2% in 2024/25). This is broadly comparable, again, with regional and national trends.

In 2024/25 in Wiltshire, 9,019 of the 11,944 children and young people eligible for free school meals actually took up the offer. This means that almost 3,000 children in the county who could have received free school meals, did not. This is equivalent to almost a quarter of eligible pupils. Whilst this data is effectively a snapshot of free school meal take up on a given day in a year (in January as part of School Census data collection), it is still likely indicative of a gap between eligibility and take up.

Free school meal eligibility is due to be extended in England from the beginning of the 2026 school year to include all pupils from households receiving Universal Credit. In light of this, it is essential that initiatives are implemented locally in order to maximise free school meal take up.

Definition: Pupils attending a state maintained school eligible for free school meals (FSM) who took a free school meal on January School Census day, as a percentage of all pupils in state maintained schools.

Children in Reception, Year 1, and Year 2 are entitled to universal free school meals, regardless of household income. From Year 3 upwards, eligibility is based on the parent or carer receiving qualifying benefits.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Schools, pupils and their characteristics, 2020/21 - 2024/25.

Percentage of pupils with special educational needs (SEN)

Special educational needs (SEN) can affect a child or young person’s ability to learn. The term SEN covers a wide range of needs including behavioural, emotional and social difficulties, speech, language and communication, hearing and/or visual impairment, multi-sensory impairment, physical disability and autism. Pupils with special educational needs can be supported either by direct SEN support (provided in school) or, for pupils with more complex needs, through the provision of an education, health and care plan (EHCP).

The number of pupils with special educational needs has gradually increased locally, regionally and nationally over the past five years. In Wiltshire, the proportion of pupils with special education needs has increased from 17.3% to 20.5%, equivalent to 1 in 5 children in 2024/25. This represents an additional 2,352 SEN pupils in the county compared with five years ago. In 2024/25, Wiltshire's proportion of pupils with special educational needs is broadly comparable to that of the South West (20.4%) and England (19.6%).

Definition: Percentage of pupils in state maintained schools who are receiving special educational needs (SEN) support or have an education, health and care plan (EHCP) as a proportion of all pupils.

SEN support assesses and provides appropriate support within the school setting and reviews pupils needs.

An education, health and care plan (EHCP) is for children and young people who require more support than is available through SEN support. Pupils are assessed by their local authority and this plan is reviewed at least every 12 months or when they move into work, higher education, or a higher-level apprenticeship.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, special educational needs (SEN) in England, 2020/21 - 2024/25.

Percentage of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) by type of provision in 2024/25

There are two levels of provision available for pupils with special educational needs. The first is SEN support, which is given in school. The second is an education, health and care plan (EHCP) which is for children and young people with more complex needs.

In 2024/25, Wiltshire continued to have a higher proportion of young people who needed SEN support (14.3%) compared with those requiring an ECHP (6.2%). Although SEN support is broadly in line with comparators, the proportion of those with an EHCP is in the county is slightly higher than South West (5.5%) and England (5.3%).

Definition: Percentage of pupils in state maintained schools who are receiving special educational needs (SEN) support or have an education, health and care plan (EHCP) as a proportion of all pupils.

SEN support assesses and provides appropriate support within the school setting and reviews pupils needs.

An education, health and care plan (EHCP) is for children and young people who require more support than is available through SEN support. Pupils are assessed by their local authority and this plan is reviewed at least every 12 months or when they move into work, higher education, or a higher-level apprenticeship.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, special educational needs (SEN) in England, 2024/25.

Percentage of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) by educational institution type in 2024/25

The proportion of students with special educational needs (SEN) varies by type of school. In 2024/25, independent schools report the highest percentages across all areas, with 24.0% in Wiltshire, 27.8% in the South West and 24.1% nationally. State-funded primary schools tend to have slightly higher SEN levels than secondary schools, especially in Wiltshire where 20.5% of primary pupils have special educational needs compared to 17.0% in secondary schools.

Definition: Percentage of pupils in state maintained schools who are receiving special educational needs (SEN) support or have an education, health and care plan (EHCP) as a proportion of all pupils by educational institution type.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, special educational needs (SEN) in England, 2024/25.

Annual percentage change in pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in state funded special schools

This indicator looks at the annual percentage change in the number of students at state funded special schools compared with the previous year. Since 2021/22, the number of pupils attending state-funded special schools has increased annually. In 2024/25, Wiltshire saw a 7.3% rise compared to the previous year, higher than proportional increases seen regionally and nationally (both 5.2%). Although this was slightly lower than the 9.8% increase recorded in Wiltshire in 2023/24, it continues to reflect a sustained upward trend in the number of pupils requiring tailored special needs education.

Definition: The annual percentage change in the number of students at state funded special schools for the stated year compared with the previous year. A special school specialises in special educational needs, providing tailored support from specialist teachers.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, special educational needs (SEN) in England, 2021/22 - 2024/25.

Primary or secondary need types for pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in 2024/25

The school census records both primary and secondary types of special educational needs (SEN) for pupils in state funded nurseries, schools, and alternative provision (AP) settings. These include, for example, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning difficulties as well as speech, language and communication challenges. This indicator includes types of special educational requirements that are recorded as either primary or secondary needs.

In Wiltshire in 2024/25, the two most common types of special educational needs were speech, language and communication (27.7%) and social, emotional and mental health (27.4%).

Definition: Primary or secondary need types for pupils with special educational needs (SEN), expressed as a percentage of all SEN pupils.
Primary or secondary need types are recorded in the school census for pupils in state funded and non maintained special schools. This includes alternative provision (AP) settings but excludes independent and general hospital schools.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, special educational needs (SEN) in England, 2024/25.

Primary or secondary need types for pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in Wiltshire by educational institution type in 2024/25

There is marked variation between the types of needs for SEN pupils in different types of educational settings. In 2024/25 in Wiltshire, the most prevalent need in primary schools in the county was speech, language and communication (37.5%). In secondary schools it was social, emotional and mental health (32.2%) and in special schools it was autistic spectrum disorder (ASD, 60.2%).

Definition: Primary or secondary need types for pupils with special educational needs (SEN) expressed as a percentage of all SEN pupils.
Primary or secondary need types are recorded in the school census for pupils in state funded and non maintained special schools. This includes alternative provision (AP) settings but excludes independent and general hospital schools.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, special educational needs (SEN) in England, 2024/25.

Pupil absence in all pupils

Parents of children of compulsory school age (5 to 16 years) are legally responsible for ensuring regular school attendance. Improving school attendance helps to reduce long-term health inequalities, increase social mobility and contributes to helping every child reach their full potential.

Levels of pupil absence in Wiltshire have remained relatively stable between 2021/22 - 2023/24, averaging around 7%. Over the period shown, this is broadly comparable with levels of absence for all pupils across the South West and England as a whole.

Definition: The number of absent sessions for all pupils in state funded primary, secondary and special schools as a proportion of all possible sessions, by academic year. One session is equivalent to half a day.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Pupil absence in schools in England, 2021/22 - 2023/24.

Pupil absence in all pupils in Wiltshire by school year group 2023/24

In 2023/24 in Wiltshire, levels of pupil absence remained fairly stable through primary school (Years 1-6) and began to increase in secondary school (Years 7-11). Levels of absence peaked in Year 11, GCSE year, at 11%.

Definition: The number of absent sessions for all pupils in state funded primary, secondary and special schools as a proportion of all possible sessions, by school year group. One session is equivalent to half a day.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Pupil absence in schools in England, 2023/24.

Pupil absence in pupils known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM)

Absences for pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM) have been historically higher than that seen in the overall pupil population locally, regionally and nationally.

In Wiltshire, levels of absence for pupils eligible for free school meals have marginally increased, from 11.7% in 2021/22 to 12.1% in 2023/24. This is higher than England (11%) and comparable with the South West (12.6%).

Definition: The number of absent sessions for all pupils who are known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) in state-funded primary, secondary and special schools as a proportion of all possible sessions for this cohort, by academic year. One session is equivalent to half a day.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Pupil absence in schools in England, 2021/22 - 2023/24.

Pupil absence in pupils with special educational needs (SEN)

As with absences for pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM), absences in pupils with special educational needs (SEN) have been historically higher than that seen in the overall pupil population, both locally and amongst comparators.

In Wiltshire, levels of absence for pupils with special educational needs have remained fairly stable, averaging around 10% between 2021/22 - 2023/24. Over this same time frame, levels of absence for this cohort in Wiltshire are similar to those observed nationally and lower than across the South West region.

Definition: The number of absent sessions for all pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in state-funded primary, secondary and special schools as a proportion of all possible sessions for this cohort, by academic year. One session is equivalent to half a day.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Pupil absence in schools in England, 2021/22 - 2023/24.

Percentage of children achieving a good level of development

In the final term of the school year in which a child reaches 5, an Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) profile is completed and children are assessed against early learning goals (ELG). This helps to create a picture of a child’s knowledge, understanding and abilities, their progress against expected levels and readiness for Year 1.

Children are considered to have a good level of development at the end of the EYFS if they meet expected standards in communication and language, personal, social and emotional development, physical development, literacy and mathematics.

The proportion of children achieving a good level of development has increased slowly across the past three years locally, regionally and nationally. For Wiltshire, this proportion has increased from 66.9% in 2021/22 to 69.1% in 2023/24. This is higher than England (67.7%) but similar to the South West (69.2%).

Definition: The percentage of children achieving a good level of development at the end of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) refers to children from birth to 5 years old. The EYFS profile was significantly revised in September 2021. Comparable data is only available from 2021/22.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Early years foundation stage profile results, 2021/22 - 2023/24.

Percentage of children known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) achieving a good level of development

In 2023/24, almost half (48.3%) of children eligible for free school meals (FSM) in Wiltshire achieved a good level of development at the end of the Early Years Foundation Stage. This is lower than that observed in all children in the county (69.1%) and higher than children with special educational needs (27.6%) in Wiltshire at this key developmental stage.

Definition: The percentage of children achieving a good level of development at the end of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) who are known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM).

The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) refers to children from birth to 5 years old. The EYFS profile was significantly revised in September 2021. Comparable data is only available from 2021/22.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Early years foundation stage profile results, 2021/22 - 2023/24.

Percentage of children with special educational needs (SEN) achieving a good level of development

In 2023/24 in Wiltshire, the proportion of children with special educational needs achieving a good level of development at the end of the Early Years Foundation Stage (27.6%) is lower than that observed in all children at this stage (69.1%). This is consistent with local historical trends and is also evident regionally and nationally.

Definition: The percentage of children achieving a good level of development at the end of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) who have been identified as having special educational needs (SEN).

The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) refers to children from birth to 5 years old. The EYFS profile was significantly revised in September 2021. Comparable data is only available from 2021/22.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Early years foundation stage profile results, 2021/22 - 2023/24.

Percentage of children achieving the expected level of development in communication and language

One of the three prime areas that children (turning five) are assessed in at the end of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is communication and language. The focus is on assessing listening, attention and understanding to see if children are at the expected level before they start Year 1.

In Wiltshire, the proportion of children achieving the expected level in communication and language skills has remained fairly stable over the past three years, with 82.1% of children reaching expected levels in the most recent year of data (2023/24). This is similar to the South West (81.8%) and slightly higher than England (79.3%).

Definition: The percentage of children in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) who in the summer term when they turned 5, achieved the expected level of development for the communication and language area of learning.

The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) refers to children from birth to 5 years old. The EYFS profile was significantly revised in September 2021. Comparable data is only available from 2021/22.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Early years foundation stage profile results, 2021/22 - 2023/24.

Percentage of children (males and females) achieving the expected level of development in communication and language in 2023/24

In 2023/24 in Wiltshire, a higher proportion of females (turning five) reached expected levels for communication and language at the end of the Early Years Foundation Stage (87.2%) compared with males of the same age (77.2%). This mirrors both the regional and national picture.

Definition: The percentage of children (males and females) in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) who in the summer term when they turned 5, achieved the expected level of development for the communication and language area of learning.

The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) refers to children from birth to 5 years old. The EYFS profile was significantly revised in September 2021. Comparable data is only available from 2021/22.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Early years foundation stage profile results, 2023/24.

Percentage of children known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) achieving the expected level of development in communication and language

In Wiltshire in 2023/34, 68.8% of children known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) achieved expected levels for communication and language at the end of the Early Years Foundation Stage. Whilst this is in line with the regional and national averages, it is lower than proportions seen in the overall cohort of children at this developmental stage in the same year (82.1%).

Definition: The percentage of children in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) eligible for free school meals, who, in the summer term when they turned 5, achieved the expected level of development for the communication and language area of learning.

The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) refers to children from birth to 5 years old. The EYFS profile was significantly revised in September 2021. Comparable data is only available from 2021/22.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Early years foundation stage profile results, 2021/22 - 2023/24.

Percentage of children achieving the expected level of development in personal, social and emotional skills

Understanding how many pupils are achieving the expected level of development in personal, social and emotional skills is important because it reflects how well children are developing in terms of managing emotions, forming relationships and building confidence. These are skills that are essential for their readiness for school and overall wellbeing.

Over the period shown, the percentage of children in Wiltshire achieving the expected level of development in personal, social, and emotional skills has remained relatively stable. In 2023/24, levels for this metric in Wiltshire (83.9%) are broadly comparable with regional (84.5%) and national (82.9%) comparators.

Definition: The percentage of all children in the Early Years Foundation Stage who in the summer term when they turned 5, achieved the expected level of development for the personal, social and emotional development area of learning.

The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) refers to children from birth to 5 years old. The EYFS profile was significantly revised in September 2021. Comparable data is only available from 2021/22.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Early years foundation stage profile results, 2021/22 - 2023/24.

Percentage of children reaching the expected level in phonics screening tests

At the end of Year 1 of primary school, all children (aged 6 years) are assessed on the statutory phonics screening test to determine whether their phonics decoding abilities are at the expected level. The data shown here is not continuous as this test was not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2017/18 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

Prior to the pandemic, 80-81% of 6 year olds in Wiltshire were achieving the expected level in phonics screening tests. Following a period of comparative reduction, the percentage of 6 year olds in the county reaching the required levels for this metric appears to have recovered, standing at 81% in 2023/24, akin with pre pandemic levels. This is a trend also observed in the South West region and England over the period shown.

Definition: The percentage of children achieving the expected level (at least 32/40 words) in phonics screening tests at the end of Year 1 in primary school (typically aged 6 years).

The data shown here is not continuous as this test was not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2017/18 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Phonics screening check attainment, 2017/18 - 2023/24 (excluding 2019/20 and 2020/21).

Percentage of children (males and females) reaching the expected level in phonics screening tests in 2023/24

In 2023/24 in Wiltshire, a higher proportion of females (aged 6 years) reached expected levels phonics screening tests (85%) compared with males of the same age (77%). The same is true regionally and nationally.

Definition: The percentage of children (males and females) achieving the expected level (at least 32/40 words) in phonics screening tests at the end of Year 1 in primary school (typically aged 6 years).

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Phonics screening check attainment, 2023/24.

Percentage of children known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) reaching the expected level in phonics screening tests

The data shown here is not continuous as the phonics screening test was not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2017/18 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

In 2023/24, 64% of children known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) in Wiltshire reached the expected level in the phonics screening test at the end of Year 1. Whilst this is broadly comparable with regional levels (66%), it is lower England (68%) as well as proportions seen in the overall cohort of children of this age in Wiltshire in the same year (81%).

Definition: The percentage of children known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) achieving the expected level (at least 32/40 words) in phonics screening tests at the end of Year 1 in primary school (typically aged 6 years).

The data shown here is not continuous as this test was not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2017/18 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Phonics screening check attainment, 2017/18 - 2023/24 (excluding 2019/20 and 2020/21).

Percentage of children with special educational needs (SEN) reaching the expected level in phonics screening tests

The data shown here is not continuous as the phonics screening test was not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2017/18 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

In Wiltshire, the proportion of 6 year olds with special educational needs reaching expected levels in phonics testing has increased slowly from 41% in 2017/18 to 45% in 2023/24. This is in line with regional and national averages. It is, however, lower than proportions seen in both the overall cohort of children (81%) and children eligible for free school meals (64%) in the county at this developmental stage in 2023/24.

Definition: The percentage of children with special educational needs achieving the expected level (at least 32/40 words) in phonics screening tests at the end of Year 1 in primary school (typically aged 6 years).

The data shown here is not continuous as this test was not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2017/18 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Phonics screening check attainment, 2017/18 - 2023/24 (excluding 2019/20 and 2020/21).

Percentage of pupils meeting the expected standard in reading, writing and maths

At the end of key stage 2 (Year 6 of primary school) pupils aged 11 years are tested on their reading, writing and maths. Pupils meeting the expected standard indicates that they are working at the level appropriate for their age and year group.

The data shown here is not continuous as this test was not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2018/19 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

Prior to the pandemic, 64% of 11 year olds in Wiltshire were achieving the expected standard in reading, writing and maths. Since the pandemic, proportions have reduced and have failed to recover, averaging 57% between 2021/22- 2023/24. This is a pattern also observed in the South West region and England over the period shown.

Definition: The percentage of pupils at the end of key stage 2 meeting the expected standard in reading, writing and maths. The end of key stage 2 refers to pupils aged 11 years in Year 6 of primary school.

Pupils achieving the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, must have achieved the expected standard in each subject. For key stage 2 tests, results are marked on a scaled score of 80-120, with a score of 100 or more being the expected standard.

The data shown here is not continuous as reading, writing and maths assessments were not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2018/19 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Key stage 2 attainment, 2018/19 - 2023/24 (excluding 2019/20 and 2020/21).

Percentage of pupils (males and females) meeting the expected standard in reading, writing and maths in 2023/24

In 2023/24 in Wiltshire, by the end of key stage 2, a higher proportion of females aged 11 years reached expected standards in reading, writing and maths (60%) compared with males of the same age (54%). The same is true regionally and nationally. Whilst there is disparity here between attainment levels for females and males, it is not as marked as that seen in communication and language skills in children aged 5 years or phonics screening tests for 6 years olds shown earlier in this section of the JSNA.

Definition: The percentage of pupils (males and females) at the end of key stage 2 meeting the expected standard in reading, writing and maths. The end of key stage 2 refers to pupils aged 11 years in Year 6 of primary school. Pupils achieving the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, must have achieved the expected standard in each subject. For key stage 2 tests, results are marked on a scaled score of 80-120, with a score of 100 or more being the expected standard.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Key stage 2 attainment, 2023/24.

Percentage of pupils known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) meeting the expected standard in reading writing and maths

The data shown here is not continuous as key stage 2 reading, writing and maths assessments for 11 year olds were not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2018/19 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

Prior to the pandemic, almost 40% of 11 year old pupils in Wiltshire known to be eligible for free school meals in were achieving the expected standard in reading, writing and maths. Since the pandemic, proportions have somewhat reduced and have not fully recovered, averaging 33% between 2021/22- 2023/24. This is a trend also seen across the South West whilst nationally, proportions have consistently increased.

Definition: The percentage of pupils known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) s at the end of key stage 2 meeting the expected standard in reading, writing and maths. The end of key stage 2 refers to pupils aged 11 years in Year 6 of primary school. Pupils achieving the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, must have achieved the expected standard in each subject. For key stage 2 tests, results are marked on a scaled score of 80-120, with a score of 100 or more being the expected standard.

The data shown here is not continuous as reading, writing and maths assessments were not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2018/19 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Key stage 2 attainment, 2018/19 - 2023/24 (excluding 2019/20 and 2020/21).

Percentage of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) meeting the expected standard in reading, writing and maths

The data shown here is not continuous as key stage 2 reading, writing and maths assessments for 11 year olds were not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2018/19 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

Prior to the pandemic, just over a fifth (22%) of 11 year old pupils in Wiltshire with special educational needs were achieving the expected standard in reading, writing and maths. Since the pandemic, proportions have reduced and have not rebounded, averaging just 16% between 2021/22- 2023/24. This is a pattern also observed in the South West region whilst nationally, proportions have slowly risen.

Definition: The percentage of pupils with special educational needs at the end of key stage 2 meeting the expected standard in reading, writing and maths. The end of key stage 2 refers to pupils aged 11 years in Year 6 of primary school. Pupils achieving the expected standard in reading, writing and maths, must have achieved the expected standard in each subject. For key stage 2 tests, results are marked on a scaled score of 80-120, with a score of 100 or more being the expected standard.

The data shown here is not continuous as reading, writing and maths assessments were not administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, data is shown for 2018/19 - 2023/24 but excludes data for years 2019/20 and 2020/21.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Key stage 2 attainment, 2018/19 - 2023/24 (excluding 2019/20 and 2020/21).

Attainment 8 score

Attainment 8 is a measure of how well students (aged 16 years) are doing at key stage 4. It is a calculated score based on 8 GCSE level qualifications out of a score of 90.

GCSE attainment measures have been influenced by changes in how grades were awarded both during, and after, the pandemic. As a result of COVID-19, exams were cancelled and grades were based on teacher or centre assessments. Only since 2023 has grading returned to pre pandemic standards. Due to issues with comparability between years, only data for 2023/24 has been presented here.

In 2023/24, the average Attainment 8 score for 16 year olds in Wiltshire (46.1) matched those seen regionally (46) and nationally (46.1).

Definition: The average Attainment 8 score for all pupils in state-funded schools at the end of key stage 4 (aged 16 years). Attainment 8 measures the average achievement of pupils in up to 8 qualifications at GCSE level and has had a maximum point score of 90.

GCSE attainment measures have been influenced by changes in how grades were awarded during and after the pandemic. In 2019/20 and 2020/21, exams were cancelled and grades were based on teacher or centre assessment grades (CAGs and TAGs). In 2022, grading was adjusted to fall between the results of 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (pandemic years). From 2023 onwards, grading returned to the usual pre-pandemic standards. Issues impacting comparability between years means that only data for 2023/24 is presented here.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Key stage 4 performance, 2023/24.

Males and Females: Attainment 8 scores

Attainment 8 scores show a consistent difference for 16 year old male and female pupils. In Wiltshire, during the 2023/24 academic year, female pupils achieved an average score of 48.6, compared to 43.6 for male pupils. This pattern aligns closely with regional scores for the South West as well as England, indicating a broader disparity in educational attainment.

Definition: The average Attainment 8 score for all pupils (males and females) in state-funded schools at the end of key stage 4 (aged 16 years). Attainment 8 measures the average achievement of pupils in up to 8 qualifications at GCSE level and has had a maximum point score of 90.

GCSE attainment measures have been influenced by changes in how grades were awarded during and after the pandemic. In 2019/20 and 2020/21, exams were cancelled and grades were based on teacher or centre assessment grades (CAGs and TAGs).In 2022, grading was adjusted to fall between the results of 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (pandemic years). From 2023 onwards, grading returned to the usual pre-pandemic standards. Issues impacting comparability between years means that only data for 2023/24 is presented here.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Key stage 4 performance, 2023/24.

Attainment 8 score for pupils known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM)

In 2023/24, 16 year old pupils known to be eligible for free school meals (FSM) in Wiltshire had an average Attainment 8 score of 31.2. This is below the regional (32.6) and national averages (34.7) and is also lower than the average attainment 8 score for the overall pupil population of this age range in Wiltshire (46.1).

Definition: The average Attainment 8 score for pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM) in state-funded schools at the end of key stage 4 (aged 16 years). Attainment 8 measures the average achievement of pupils in up to 8 qualifications at GCSE level and has had a maximum point score of 90.

GCSE attainment measures have been influenced by changes in how grades were awarded during and after the pandemic. In 2019/20 and 2020/21, exams were cancelled and grades were based on teacher or centre assessment grades (CAGs and TAGs).In 2022, grading was adjusted to fall between the results of 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (pandemic years). From 2023 onwards, grading returned to the usual pre-pandemic standards. Issues impacting comparability between years means that only data for 2023/24 is presented here.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Key stage 4 performance, 2023/24.

Attainment 8 score for pupils with special educational needs (SEN)

Attainment 8 scores for 16 year old pupils with special educational needs in Wiltshire in 2023/24 was 27.9. This is in line with regional (27.9) and national (27.8) average Attainment 8 scores for this specific cohort, but lower than the average attainment 8 score for the overall pupil population of this age range in Wiltshire (46.1).

Definition: The average Attainment 8 score for pupils with special educational needs in state-funded schools at the end of key stage 4 (aged 16 years). Attainment 8 measures the average achievement of pupils in up to 8 qualifications at GCSE level and has had a maximum point score of 90.

GCSE attainment measures have been influenced by changes in how grades were awarded during and after the pandemic. In 2019/20 and 2020/21, exams were cancelled and grades were based on teacher or centre assessment grades (CAGs and TAGs).In 2022, grading was adjusted to fall between the results of 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (pandemic years). From 2023 onwards, grading returned to the usual pre-pandemic standards. Issues impacting comparability between years means that only data for 2023/24 is presented here.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Key stage 4 performance, 2023/24.

Percentage of 16-17 year olds not in education, employment or training (NEET), or whose status is not known

Since 2013, legislation has required that all 16 and 17 years olds are in education, training or employment until at least their 18th birthday. As part of this ambition, local authorities have a duty to encourage, enable or assist young people’s participation in education or training, under Section 68 of the Education and Skills Act 2008.

The proportion of young people in Wiltshire who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET), or whose status is unknown, has declined since peaking at 7% in 2021. As of 2025, the figure stands at 3.1% for Wiltshire, which is lower than levels in the South West (6.1%) and England (5.6%).

The key driver for this reduction in Wiltshire appears to be a marked decline in the proportion of 16–17-year-olds whose status was unknown. This has decreased from 5.1% in 2021 to just 0.6% in 2025. In contrast, the percentage of young people identified as not in education, employment, or training (NEET) has increased over the same period, rising from 1.9% in 2021 to 2.5% in 2025.

Definition: The percentage of 16 and 17 year olds who are either not in education, employment or training (NEET) or where their status is not known. This is expressed as a percentage of the total cohort in this age group between December and February in the years 2021-2025.

Data source and time period: Department for Education, Participation in education, training and NEET ages 16 to 17 years by local authority, 2021 - 2025.

Median (gross) annual earnings for full time employees

Understanding local wages is an important consideration in assessing the broader factors that can influence health. Levels of income can directly impact, for example, access to housing, heating, nutrition and health care whilst financial instability can also negatively effect both physical and mental health.

The annual survey of hours and earnings (ASHE, conducted each year by the Office for National Statistics) provides useful insight into the levels and distribution of earnings across the UK and is used here to examine median annual earnings for persons in full time employment (these are gross earnings, before tax).

Median gross annual wages have steadily increased locally, regionally and nationally since 2021. In 2024 in Wiltshire, median annual earnings for full time employees stood at £36,783. This is similar to the South West (£36,112) and lower than England (£37,617).

Historically, there has been a substantial disparity between male and female earnings, with men consistently earning more in full-time roles. In 2024 in Wiltshire the median gross full-time earnings for males exceeded those of females by £7,831, representing a gender pay gap of 20%. Whilst the gap between male and female full time earnings in Wiltshire narrowed to 14% in 2022, it has since continued to widen.

Definition: Estimated median (gross) annual earnings for full time employees before tax. Estimates are based on the annual survey of hours and earnings (ASHE) conducted in April each year by the Office for National Statistics. This data set provides information about levels and distribution of earnings based on area of residence and excludes the self-employed.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual survey of hours and earnings, Resident gross median earnings for full time employees, 2020 - 2024.

Residence and work place based median (gross) annual earnings for full time employees 2024

As someone may work in a different area to where they live, it can be useful to look at earnings in terms of workplace location as well as area of residence. Workplace based earnings are those of employees who work in the specified geography, while residence based earnings are those of workers who live in the specified geography, regardless of where they work.

According to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, people who live in predominantly rural areas, but work elsewhere, have higher earnings than people who work in rural areas. This is true of Wiltshire. In 2024, the median annual wage for full time workers living in Wiltshire (residence based earnings) was £36,783. This is higher than that for full time employees working in Wiltshire (workplace based earnings), at £35,247. This potentially implies that Wiltshire residents are working in higher paid jobs outside of the county.

Definition: Estimated median (gross) annual earnings for full time employees before tax. Estimates are based on the annual survey of hours and earnings (ASHE) conducted in April each year by the Office for National Statistics. This data set provides comparative information about levels and distribution of earnings based on area of residence and workplace location and excludes the self-employed.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual survey of hours and earnings, Residence and work place based gross median earnings for full time employees, 2024.

Percentage of persons aged 16-64 years in employment

The relationship between health and employment is two-way. Employment can bring financial stability and security leading to healthier behaviours and better living standards. Poor health, conversely, can make it more difficult to work. According to the Health Foundation, areas with higher levels of employment are also more likely to have longer healthy life expectancy.

Proportions of persons aged 16-64 years in employment in Wiltshire have fluctuated mildly over the past five years and have remained consistently above levels in both the South West and England.

Definition: The percentage of persons aged 16-64 years in employment.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), annual population survey, economic activity by age, 2020 - 2024.

Percentage of persons aged 16 years and over in employment by age band 2024

Looking at employment by age band using data for 2024 shows that, in Wiltshire, employment levels are highest in the 25-49 year age bracket (90.7%). Conversely, the 65 years and over age group has the lowest employment rates locally, regionally and nationally. This is indicative of a common trend of retirement or reduced workforce participation in later life. Notably, Wiltshire also leads in youth employment with 62.1% of 16-24 year olds in employment in 2024, compared with 57.9% in the South West and 50.7% in England.

Definition: The percentage of persons aged 16 years and over in employment, by age band.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), annual population survey, economic activity by age, 2024.

Percentage of 16-64 year olds with a disability in employment

Good quality employment can improve health, wellbeing and social inclusion, while unemployment and poor job conditions worsen health inequalities and limit independence. On average, people with disabilities are less likely to be in employment and are more likely to encounter work place barriers. Tailored support, workplace adjustments as well as flexible working rights can help to positively increase employment opportunities for people with disabilities or work limiting conditions.

Levels of employment for people with disabilities or work limiting conditions are considerably lower than the total working age population across Wiltshire, South West and England, highlighting marked inequality. In 2024, the proportion of persons with disabilities in work was, however, higher in Wiltshire (at 67.5%) than regional and national comparators.

Definition: The percentage of persons aged 16-64 years in employment who have a disability (as defined under the 2010 Equality Act) or a work-limiting disability.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), annual population survey, economic activity by disability, 2024.

Percentage of 16-64 year olds who are economically inactive

Economic inactivity and health are closely linked, as poor health can limit a person's ability to work, while being out of work can negatively impact mental and physical health due to reduced income and/or social isolation.

Economic inactivity is defined here as individuals of working age not currently employed who have not been seeking work within a four week period and/or are unable to start work within two weeks.

Nationally, levels of economic inactivity have remained fairly steady over the past five years whilst locally, there has been a higher degree of fluctuation. In 2024, the proportion or persons aged 16-64 years who were economically inactive stood at 15.5%. This represents a decrease when compared to 2020 (19.8%) and is lower than levels recorded for the South West (19%) and England (21.3%) in 2024.

Examination of economic inactivity for working aged males and females highlights disparity. In 2024, levels of economic inactivity for Wiltshire females (20.4%) were approximately twice as high than that for males in the county (10.4%). This is an inequality that is reflected regionally and nationally, albeit to a comparably lesser extent.

Definition: The percentage of persons, males and females aged 16-64 years who are economically inactive. Economic inactivity is defined here as individuals of working age not currently employed who have not been seeking work within a four week period and/or are unable to start work within two weeks.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), annual population survey, economic inactivity, 2024.

Percentage of 16-64 year olds who are economically inactive by age band 2024

Looking at levels of economic inactivity by age using data for 2024 indicates that people aged 25-49 years are the least likely to be economically inactive. Levels of economic inactivity amongst the younger and older age groups are, by contrast, considerably higher. In 2024, Wiltshire had lower levels of economic inactivity within each of the age ranges shown compared with the regional and national comparators.

Definition: The percentage of persons aged 16-64 years who are economically inactive, by age band. Economic inactivity is defined here as individuals of working age not currently employed who have not been seeking work within a four week period and/or are unable to start work within two weeks.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), annual population survey, economic inactivity, 2020-2024.

Percentage of 16-64 year olds who are economically inactive in Wiltshire by reason for inactivity 2024

The most common reasons for economic inactivity for persons of working age in Wiltshire in 2024 were education or study (with 23% of persons recording status of 'student') and long term sickness (22%).

Definition: The percentage of persons aged 16-64 years who are economically inactive, by reason for economic inactivity. Economic inactivity is defined here as individuals of working age not currently employed who have not been seeking work within a four week period and/or are unable to start work within two weeks. For this indicator economically inactive other has been combined with temporary sick and discouraged.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), annual population survey, economic inactivity, 2024.

Percentage of 16-64 year olds who are economically inactive due to long term sickness in 2024

Locally, regionally and nationally, a higher proportion of males were economically inactive due to long-term sickness compared with females in 2024. Levels of economic inactivity due to sickness for both males and females in Wiltshire are, however, lower than those seen in the South West and England in the period shown.

Definition: The percentage of males and females aged 16-64 years who are economically inactive due to long term sickness. Economic inactivity is defined here as individuals of working age not currently employed who have not been seeking work within a four week period and/or are unable to start work within two weeks.

Data source and time period: Office for National Statistics (ONS), annual population survey, economic inactivity, 2024.